INNOVATIONS
InnovativeAspect andMainAdvantages:
It isexperimentallyproved that themost
efficient approach to improvementofphysico-
mechanical propertiesofdiamondpolycrystals
produced fromnanopowders is to findoptimal
conditions for sinteringofmixturescontainingaddi-
tionsactingas solvents for carbon (Co,Ni, Fe, alloys
of them, etc.) andas inhibitersof thegraingrowth.
Themixture shouldbemechanicallyactivated.
Theuseofhigh-pressure technique incombina-
tionwithpurificationandvacuumdegassing for
sinteringof staticallysynthesizeddiamondnanop-
owderswithan initialparticlesizeof about100nm
favors the formationofnanostructureelementsof10
to50nm insize inapolycrystaldue to fragmentation
of coarser initialgrains (supportedbyTEMstudies).
Preactivationof the initial staticallysynthesizeddia-
mondnanopowdersusingcold isostaticpressinghas
allowed theproductionofpolycrystalswithadensity
of3.31g/cm3,Vickershardnessof35.4GPa (P=9.8N)
and fracture toughnessK1c=6.8MPa.m1/2.
Areas of Application:
Toolsmadeof the composites of statically
synthesizeddiamondnanopowder can suc-
cessfully competewith single-crystal natural
diamond tools. The compositesmaybeused for
making cutting, deformingormeasuring tools for
various purposes. Due tohigh fracture tough-
ness, theymaybe alsoused as inserts indrilling
tools. Now the samples of the instrument are
being tested in construction.
Fig.1. The typical electron-microscopic imageparticle structuresof thepolycrystal fromnanodiamondby static syntheses
Fig.2Cuttingplates, drawingdieandcutting tool
AEROSPACE
TECHNOLOGIES
UNMANNEDTRANSPORTREUSABLE
AIRBORNE-SPACEVEHICLE
Description
Unmanned transport reusable airborne-
space vehicle (ASV) “Sura” is designed for launch-
ing intonear Earthorbit and as a reentry vehicle
for satellites andother payloads.
It is a two-stagedvehicle . Fullweight is 48-50
tons, full thrust of air feedand liquidpropellant
jet engines (LPJE) is 61.1–70 tons, length–17m,
wings span–14m, height –6.6m.
The first stage can be used in autonomous
mode as a cargo sub-orbital plane. The sec-
ond stage – as a space ship, i.e. for inter-planet
flights and also for flights in the atmosphere of
Solar system planets.
The second stage contains a cargomodule.
Bodyof themodule canbemoved for launching
and reentryof Earth satellites.
For further flight in the atmosphere the
body ismovedback to its place.
During reentrywith cosmic speeds and
flights on a chosen trajectory, the thermal pro-
tection shields prevent overheating.
Unmannedmaximal quick-responsiveoption
allows reducing transitiveprocesses timeup to
minutes, seconds andmicroseconds.
Applicationof produced serially air-feed
engines and LPJE makes it possible to reduce
timeof development by three times, as com-
pared to ana-logues, and to cut cost of develop-
ment by two times (for example, in comparison
withRussianproject TU-2000).
InnovativeAspect andMainAdvantages
Special constructional features of ASV con-
struction are the following:
- plane stages havemodular construction;
- there areno aerodynamic control elements;
- flight control is realizedby LPJE;
- an advantageof the atmosphere is used
(wing lifting force andoxidizer –oxygen);
- theprincipleof a “mortar” launching for
staging andorbiting the payload is applied.
ASV construction features allow reducing
space-launching cost.
Expected specificcost indexof launching for
300 kmheight and300 kgcargoweight is $1000
per one kg.
AREASOFAPPLICATION
- launchingof commercial
communication
satellites to thenearEarthorbit;
- space researchand remoteEarth
sounding
STAGEOFDEVELOPMENT
Conceptualdevelopmentat the
stageof constructionpatenting in
Ukraine
Fig.1Pictureof the
dimensionalmodel
of two-stagedair-
borne-spacevehicle
117
ÍÅÄÂÈÆÈÌÎÑÒÜ, ÁÈÇÍÅÑ, ÈÍÂÅÑÒÈÖÈÈ
BUSINESS EMIRATES
UKRAINE -UAE
